Radioactivity is a natural phenomenon characterised, among other things, by the emission of ionising radiation. Air, water and soil all contain radioactive elements in more or less significant quantities that naturally irradiate the public and the environment.

Aside from this natural radioactivity, ionising radiation from the nuclear industry can impact on both the population and the environment. Among the most significant of the dangers posed by ionising radiation are, irradiation and contamination.

To protect workers, the public and the environment from the effects of ionising radiation, a set of protective measures and precautions are taken during the design, construction and operation of a nuclear installation until such a time as the definitive phasing out of its activities. This is called nuclear safety.

In Belgium, various nuclear safety authorities are responsible for protecting workers, the public and the environment from the risks connected with nuclear activities. To this end, these authorities control the installations and activities of the nuclear industry.

Security is also one of the major concerns of the IRE. Through the respect of strict procedures and the implementation of control systems, the Institute undertakes to use all necessary and useful resources to guarantee optimal safety of its installations and products. The IRE pays special attention to the safety of its workers, residents surrounding the sites and the public as a whole.